Bài 1:

có: a + b - 2c = 0

⇒ a = 2c − b thay vào a² + b² + ab - 3c² = 0 ta có:

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Vậy 

Đặt A=\(\dfrac{b+c+5}{1+a}+\dfrac{c+a+4}{2+b}+\dfrac{a+b+3}{3+c}\)

Ta có :A+3=\(\left(\dfrac{b+c+5}{1+a}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{c+a+4}{2+b}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{a+b+3}{3+a}+1\right)\)

=\(\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{1+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{2+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{3+c}\)

=\(\left(a+b+c+6\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{2+b}+\dfrac{1}{3+c}\right)\)

=\([\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+2\right)+\left(c+3\right)|\left(\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+3}\right)\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM dạng \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)( với x,y,z>0)

Ta có :A+3\(\ge9\)\(\Rightarrow A\ge6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=3,b=2,c=1

Ta có \(\sqrt{a-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a-1}}\) \(=\sqrt{a-1}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{a-1}}+\dfrac{3}{4\sqrt{a-1}}\) \(\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{a-1}.\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{a-1}}}+\dfrac{3}{4\sqrt{a-1}}\) \(=1+\dfrac{3}{4\sqrt{a-1}}\).

Lập 2 BĐT tương tự rồi cộng vế theo vế, ta có

\(VT\ge3+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c-1}}\right)\)

\(\ge3+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}}\) 

\(\ge3+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{9}{\dfrac{3}{2}}\) \(=\dfrac{15}{2}\). 

ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{5}{4}\). Ta có đpcm

Có \(\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c-1}}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c-1}}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-\left(\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}\right)\ge6\) (1)

Ta chứng minh (1) đúng 

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz : 

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b-1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c-1}}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}}\ge\dfrac{9}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=6\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a-1}=\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{c-1}\\\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{5}{4}\)(tm) 

\(\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+ac}{c+a}+\frac{c+ab}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}\)

Áp dụng bđt Cô Si: \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)

Tương tự,cộng theo vế và rút gọn =>đpcm

\(\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+ac}{c+a}+\frac{c+ab}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}\)

Áp dụng bđt CÔ si

\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)

.............

Theo BĐT cô- si, ta có:

\(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+b^2}\ge2.\sqrt[4]{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bu- nhi-a cốp-xki , ta có:

\(\left(1+a^2\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2.\sqrt[4]{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\ge2\sqrt{a+b}\)

hay:  \(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+b^2}\ge2\sqrt{a+b}\)

Tương tự:

\(\sqrt{1+b^2}+\sqrt{1+c^2}\ge2\sqrt{b+c}\)

\(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+c^2}\ge2\sqrt{a+c}\)

Cộng từng vế, ta được:

\(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+b^2}+\sqrt{1+c^2}\ge\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\)

tự hỏi tự trả lời hử :)

Bài 1: 

a) \(\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}=\sqrt{a}+1\)

b) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}}{3-x}=\dfrac{\left|x-3\right|}{3-x}=\pm1\)

Bài 2: 

a) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{9x^2-6x+1}}{9x^2-1}=\dfrac{\left|3x-1\right|}{\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)}=\pm\dfrac{1}{3x+1}\)

b) \(4-x-\sqrt{x^2-4x+4}=4-x-\left|x-2\right|=\left[{}\begin{matrix}6-2x\left(x\ge2\right)\\2\left(x< 2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có

   n⁴ + 4 = n⁴ + 4n² + 4 – 4n²

             = (n² + 2 )² – (2n)²

            = (n² + 2 – 2n )(n² + 2 + 2n)

Vì n⁴ + 4 là số nguyên tố nên  n² + 2 – 2n = 1 hoặc  n² + 2 + 2n = 1

Mà   n² + 2 + 2n > 1 vậy  n² + 2 – 2n = 1 suy ra n = 1

Thử lại : n = 1 thì 1⁴ + 4 = 5 là số nguyên tố

Vậy với n = 1 thì  n⁴ + 4  là số nguyên tố.